Tilemaps

With the exception of mode 7 and offset-per-tile, a tilemap is a 2-kilobyte (1-kiloword) block of data in VRAM that defines a 32x32 tile region that can be used by a background.

Tilemaps are manually allocated within VRAM. With registers BGnSC, background layers can select a single tilemap, and can also combine contiguous pairs of tilemaps horizontally, vertically, or four tilemaps into a 2x2 background. In all combined versions, each individual tilemap is still only 32x32 tiles.

The tiles of a tilemap can also count "double" with BGMODE, selecting a 2x2 group of adjacent 8x8 pixel tiles for a 16x16 pixel region in the background, instead of just a single 8x8 tile. This doubles the tilemap's size in each dimension without increasing memory usage. (mode 5 and 6 also have a special 16x8 tile mode, that selects tiles in horizontal pairs.)

Format
VMDATAH    VMDATAL $4119      $4118 15  bit  8   7  bit  0 VHPC CCTT  TTTT TTTT |||| ||||  |||| ||||  |||| ||++---++++-++++- Tile index |||+-++--- Palette selection ||+--- Priority ++ Flip vertical (V) or horizontal (H)

Each tilemap entry is a 16-bit word in VRAM. Each row is 32 tiles, left to right, and the rows are top to bottom.


 * Tile index - 10 bits selecting one of 1024 tiles from VRAM relative to the base address given at: BG12NBA or BG34NBA.
 * Palette selection - 0-7 selects one of up to 8 palettes from CGRAM, depending on the background mode.
 * Priority - tilemaps are separated into background (0) and foreground (1) layers which can allow sprites to appear between these layers. See backgrounds.
 * Flip - each tile can be flipped horizontally or vertically.

When using 16x16 tile modes, the tile index specifies the top left 8x8 tile from VRAM, and it will automatically include the adjacent tiles horizontally (+1) and vertically (+16, +17).

Mode 7
Mode 7 has a special format for its tilemaps.

A mode 7 tilemap is 128x128 tiles. It always begins at 0 in VRAM, covering the first half of the VRAM memory space.

The tilemap is stored only in the low byte of each word of VRAM, and the tile data is stored in the high bytes. See Tiles, Mode 7.

Each byte of the tilemap is simply an 8-bit index to one of the 256 tiles. There are no attributes, though a per-pixel priority can be enabled via EXTBG.

The order is contiguous rows of 128 tiles, top to bottom.

Offset-per-tile
Modes 2, 4 and 6 each use BG3 as an offset-per-tile map. This tilemap is actually an offset map, usually containing one row of 32 entries for horizontal, and a second row of 32 entries for vertical (or just a single row in mode 4).

See: Offset-per-tile