SPC-700 instruction set

The Sony SPC-700 CPU is part of the S-SMP sound processor of the SNES. It runs at 2.048 MHz, and behaves similarly to a 6502 at 1.024 MHz with some extensions.

Architecture

The SPC-700 has a 16-bit address space, and a similar set of registers to the 6502.

Registers

• A - 8-bit accumulator
• X - 8-bit index
• Y - 8-bit index
• YA - 16-bit pair of A (lsb) and Y (msb).
• PC - program counter
• SP - stack pointer
• PSW - program status word: NVPBHIZC
  • N - negative flag (high bit of result was set)
  • V - overflow flag (signed overflow indication)
  • P - direct page flag (moves the direct page to $0100 if set)
  • H - half-carry flag (carry between low and high nibble)
  • I - interrupt enable (unused: the S-SMP has no attached interrupts)
  • Z - zero flag (set if last result was zero)
  • C - carry flag

Addressing Modes

• imm - 8-bit immediate value
• dp - 8-bit direct page offset ($0000+dp or $01000+dp)
• !abs - 16-bit absolute address
• rel - relative offset in two's complement
• (i) - direct-page relative index (P * $100 + i)
• (i)+ - direct-page relative index with post-increment (i is incremented after read)
• [addr]+i - indirect indexed (add index after 16-bit lookup)
• [addr+i] - indexed indirect (add index before 16-bit lookup)

Differences from the 6502

• A 16-bit combined YA register is available for some operations.
• The direct page can be moved to $0100. (Rarely used.)
• A half carry flag that is useful for nibble operations, can be cleared by CLRV.
• No decimal mode, instead provides DAA and DAS instructions.
• Iterrupt status flag is enable, not disable. (Not important for SNES.)
• Some operations allow direct page as a register-like destination, e.g. MOV dp, #imm or ADC dp, dp.
• X or Y can be sometimes be used as an index to the direct page, possibly with an automatic post-increment, e.g. MOV (X)+ or ADC (X), (Y).
• Multiply and divide instructions MUL and DIV.
• Loop instructions CBNE and DBNZ.
• Abbreviated call instructions the high page of memory PCALL and TCALL.
• Memory bit operations SET1, NOT1, MOV1, etc.

Instructions

Official instruction names and syntax for SPC-700 instruction were provided by Sony. However, because of its architectural similarity to 6502, some prefer to rename and remap them using a 6502 style syntax. Both are provided here.

Sony instruction convention puts the destination on the left, source on the right (Intel syntax).

Cycles in this table are 1.024 MHz CPU cycles. Each one is equal to 2 clocks of the 2.048 Mhz S-SMP.

SPC-700 Instruction Set

Instruction	6502-Style	Opcode	Bytes	Cycles	Flags	Notes
. 8-bit move memory to register
MOV A, #imm	LDA #imm	E8	2	2	N.....Z.
MOV A, (X)	?	E6	1	3	N.....Z.
MOV A, (X)+	?	BF	1	4	N.....Z.	X++ after read
MOV A, dp	LDA zp	E4	2	3	N.....Z.
MOV A, dp+X	LDA zp, X	F4	2	4	N.....Z.
MOV A, !abs	LDA abs	E5	3	4	N.....Z.
MOV A, !abs+X	LDA abs, X	F5	3	5	N.....Z.
MOV A, !abs+Y	LDA abs, Y	F6	3	5	N.....Z.
MOV A, [dp+X]	LDA (zp, X)	E7	2	6	N.....Z.
MOV A, [dp]+Y	LDA (dp), Y	F7	2	6	N.....Z.
MOV X, #imm	LDX #imm	CD	2	2	N.....Z.
MOV X, dp	LDX zp	F8	2	3	N.....Z.
MOV X, dp+Y	LDX zp, Y	F9	2	4	N.....Z.
MOV X, !abs	LDX abs	E9	3	4	N.....Z.
MOV Y, #imm	LDY #imm	8D	2	2	N.....Z.
MOV Y, dp	LDY zp	EB	2	3	N.....Z.
MOV Y, dp+X	LDY zp, X	FB	2	4	N.....Z.
MOV Y, !abs	LDY abs	EC	3	4	N.....Z.
. 8-bit move register to memory
MOV (X), A	?	C6	1	4	........
MOV (X)+, A	?	AF	1	4	........	X++ after read
MOV dp, A	STA zp	C4	2	4	........
MOV dp+X, A	STA zp, X	D4	2	5	........
MOV !abs, A	STA abs	C5	3	5	........
MOV !abs+X, A	STA abs, X	D5	3	6	........
MOV !abs+Y, A	STA abs, Y	D6	3	6	........
MOV [dp+X], A	STA (zp, X)	C7	2	7	........
MOV [dp]+Y, A	STA (zp), Y	D7	2	7	........
MOV dp, X	STX zp	D8	2	4	........
MOV dp+Y, X	STX zp, Y	D9	2	5	........
MOV !abs, X	STX abs	C9	3	5	........
MOV dp, Y	STY zp	CB	2	4	........
MOV dp+X, Y	STY zp, X	DB	2	5	........
MOV !abs, Y	STY abs	CC	3	5	........
. 8-bit move register to register / special direct page moves
MOV A, X	TXA	7D	1	2	N.....Z.
MOV A, Y	TYA	DD	1	2	N.....Z.
MOV X, A	TAX	5D	1	2	N.....Z.
MOV Y, A	TAY	FD	1	2	N.....Z.
MOV X, SP	TSX	9D	1	2	N.....Z.
MOV SP, X	TXS	BD	1	2	........
MOV dp, dp	?	FA	3	5	........
MOV dp, #imm	?	8F	3	5	........
. 8-bit arithmetic
ADC A, #imm	ADC #imm	88	2	2	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, (X)	?	86	1	3	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, dp	ADC zp	84	2	3	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, dp+X	ADC zp, X	94	2	4	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, !abs	ADC abs	85	3	4	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, !abs+X	ADC abs, X	95	3	5	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, !abs+Y	ADC abs, Y	96	3	5	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, [dp+X]	ADC (zp, X)	87	2	6	NV..H.ZC
ADC A, [dp]+Y	ADC (dp), Y	97	2	6	NV..H.ZC
ADC (X), (Y)	?	99	1	5	NV..H.ZC
ADC dp, dp	?	89	3	6	NV..H.ZC
ADC dp, #imm	?	98	3	5	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, #imm	SBC #imm	A8	2	2	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, (X)	?	A6	1	3	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, dp	SBC zp	A4	2	3	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, dp+X	SBC zp, X	B4	2	4	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, !abs	SBC abs	A5	3	4	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, !abs+X	SBC abs, X	B5	3	5	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, !abs+Y	SBC abs, Y	B6	3	5	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, [dp+X]	SBC (zp, X)	A7	2	6	NV..H.ZC
SBC A, [dp]+Y	SBC (dp), Y	B7	2	6	NV..H.ZC
SBC (X), (Y)	?	B9	1	5	NV..H.ZC
SBC dp, dp	?	A9	3	6	NV..H.ZC
SBC dp, #imm	?	B8	3	5	NV..H.ZC
CMP A, #imm	CMP #imm	68	2	2	N.....ZC
CMP A, (X)	?	66	1	3	N.....ZC
CMP A, dp	CMP zp	64	2	3	N.....ZC
CMP A, dp+X	CMP zp, X	74	2	4	N.....ZC
CMP A, !abs	CMP abs	65	3	4	N.....ZC
CMP A, !abs+X	CMP abs, X	75	3	5	N.....ZC
CMP A, !abs+Y	CMP abs, Y	76	3	5	N.....ZC
CMP A, [dp+X]	CMP (zp, X)	67	2	6	N.....ZC
CMP A, [dp]+Y	CMP (dp), Y	77	2	6	N.....ZC
CMP (X), (Y)	?	79	1	5	N.....ZC
CMP dp, dp	?	69	3	6	N.....ZC
CMP dp, #imm	?	78	3	5	N.....ZC
CMP X, #imm	CPX #imm	C8	2	2	N.....ZC
CMP X, dp	CPX zp	3E	2	3	N.....ZC
CMP X, !abs	CPX abs	1E	3	4	N.....ZC
CMP Y, #imm	CPY #imm	AD	2	2	N.....ZC
CMP Y, dp	CPY zp	7E	2	3	N.....ZC
CMP Y, !abs	CPY abs	5E	3	4	N.....ZC
. 8-bit boolean logic
AND A, #imm	AND #imm	28	2	2	N.....Z.
AND A, (X)	?	26	1	3	N.....Z.
AND A, dp	AND zp	24	2	3	N.....Z.
AND A, dp+X	AND zp, X	34	2	4	N.....Z.
AND A, !abs	AND abs	25	3	4	N.....Z.
AND A, !abs+X	AND abs, X	35	3	5	N.....Z.
AND A, !abs+Y	AND abs, Y	36	3	5	N.....Z.
AND A, [dp+X]	AND (zp, X)	27	2	6	N.....Z.
AND A, [dp]+Y	AND (dp), Y	37	2	6	N.....Z.
AND (X), (Y)	?	39	1	5	N.....Z.
AND dp, dp	?	29	3	6	N.....Z.
AND dp, #imm	?	38	3	5	N.....Z.
OR A, #imm	OR #imm	08	2	2	N.....Z.
OR A, (X)	?	06	1	3	N.....Z.
OR A, dp	OR zp	04	2	3	N.....Z.
OR A, dp+X	OR zp, X	14	2	4	N.....Z.
OR A, !abs	OR abs	05	3	4	N.....Z.
OR A, !abs+X	OR abs, X	15	3	5	N.....Z.
OR A, !abs+Y	OR abs, Y	16	3	5	N.....Z.
OR A, [dp+X]	OR (zp, X)	07	2	6	N.....Z.
OR A, [dp]+Y	OR (dp), Y	17	2	6	N.....Z.
OR (X), (Y)	?	19	1	5	N.....Z.
OR dp, dp	?	09	3	6	N.....Z.
OR dp, #imm	?	18	3	5	N.....Z.
EOR A, #imm	EOR #imm	48	2	2	N.....Z.
EOR A, (X)	?	46	1	3	N.....Z.
EOR A, dp	EOR zp	44	2	3	N.....Z.
EOR A, dp+X	EOR zp, X	54	2	4	N.....Z.
EOR A, !abs	EOR abs	45	3	4	N.....Z.
EOR A, !abs+X	EOR abs, X	55	3	5	N.....Z.
EOR A, !abs+Y	EOR abs, Y	56	3	5	N.....Z.
EOR A, [dp+X]	EOR (zp, X)	47	2	6	N.....Z.
EOR A, [dp]+Y	EOR (dp), Y	57	2	6	N.....Z.
EOR (X), (Y)	?	59	1	5	N.....Z.
EOR dp, dp	?	49	3	6	N.....Z.
EOR dp, #imm	?	58	3	5	N.....Z.
. 8-bit increment / decrement
INC A	INC	BC	1	2	N.....Z.
INC dp	INC zp	AB	2	4	N.....Z.
INC dp+X	INC zp, X	BB	2	5	N.....Z.
INC !abs	INC abs	AC	3	5	N.....Z.
INC X	INX	3D	1	2	N.....Z.
INC Y	INY	FC	1	2	N.....Z.
DEC A	DEC	9C	1	2	N.....Z.
DEC dp	DEC zp	8B	2	4	N.....Z.
DEC dp+X	DEC zp, X	9B	2	5	N.....Z.
DEC !abs	DEC abs	8C	3	5	N.....Z.
DEC X	DEX	1D	1	2	N.....Z.
DEC Y	DEY	DC	1	2	N.....Z.
. 8-bit shift / rotation
ASL A	ASL	1C	1	2	N.....ZC
ASL dp	ASL zp	0B	2	4	N.....ZC
ASL dp+X	ASL zp, X	1B	2	5	N.....ZC
ASL !abs	ASL abs	0C	3	5	N.....ZC
LSR A	LSR	5C	1	2	N.....ZC
LSR dp	LSR zp	4B	2	4	N.....ZC
LSR dp+X	LSR zp, X	5B	2	5	N.....ZC
LSR !abs	LSR abs	4C	3	5	N.....ZC
ROL A	ROL	3C	1	2	N.....ZC
ROL dp	ROL zp	2B	2	4	N.....ZC
ROL dp+X	ROL zp, X	3B	2	5	N.....ZC
ROL !abs	ROL abs	2C	3	5	N.....ZC
ROR A	ROR	7C	1	2	N.....ZC
ROR dp	ROR zp	6B	2	4	N.....ZC
ROR dp+X	ROR zp, X	7B	2	5	N.....ZC
ROR !abs	ROR abs	6C	3	5	N.....ZC
XCN A	?	9F	1	5	N.....Z.	Exchange nibbles of A
. 16-bit operations
MOVW YA, dp	?	BA	2	5	N.....Z.
MOVW dp, YA	?	DA	2	4	........
INCW dp	?	3A	2	6	N.....Z.
DECW dp	?	1A	2	6	N.....Z.
ADDW YA, dp	?	7A	2	5	NV..H.ZC	Uses carry flag
SUBW YA, dp	?	9A	2	5	NV..H.ZC	Uses carry flag
CMPW YA, dp	?	5A	2	4	N.....ZC
MUL YA	?	CF	1	9	N.....Z.	YA = Y * A
DIV YA, X	?	9E	1	12	NV..H.Z.	A = YA / X, Y = YA % X
. decimal adjust
DAA A	?	DF	1	3	N.....ZC	TODO
DAS A	?	BE	1	3	N.....ZC	TODO
. branching
BRA rel	?	2F	2	4	........	Branch always
BEQ rel	BEQ rel	F0	2	2/4	........	Branch if Z=1
BNE rel	BNE rel	D0	2	2/4	........	Branch if Z=0
BCS rel	BCS rel	B0	2	2/4	........	Branch if C=1
BCC rel	BCC rel	90	2	2/4	........	Branch if C=0
BVS rel	BVS rel	70	2	2/4	........	Branch if V=1
BVC rel	BVC rel	50	2	2/4	........	Branch if V=0
BMI rel	BMI rel	30	2	2/4	........	Branch if N=1
BPL rel	BPL rel	10	2	2/4	........	Branch if N=0
BBS dp, bit, rel	?	x3	3	5/7	........	Branch if dp bit=1, x=(bit*2)
BBC dp, bit, rel	?	y3	3	5/7	........	Branch if dp bit=1, y=(bit*2)+1
CBNE dp, rel	?	2E	3	5/7	........	CMP A, dp then BNE
CBNE dp+X, rel	?	DE	3	6/8	........	CMP A, dp+X then BNE
DBNZ dp, rel	?	6E	3	5/7	........	DEC dp then BNE
DBNZ Y, rel	?	FE	2	4/6	........	DEC Y then BNE
JMP !abs	JMP abs	5F	3	3	........
JMP [!abs+X]	?	1F	3	6	........
. subroutines
CALL !abs	JSR abs	3F	3	8	........
PCALL up	?	4F	2	6	........	CALL $FF00 + up
TCALL n	?	n1	1	8	........	CALL [$FFDE-(2*n)]
BRK	BRK	0F	1	8	...1.0..
RET	RET	6F	1	5	........
RETI	RETI	7F	1	6	NVPBHIZC
. stack
PUSH A	PHA	2D	1	4	........
PUSH X	PHX	4D	1	4	........
PUSH Y	PHY	6D	1	4	........
PUSH PSW	PHP	0D	1	4	........
POP A	PLA	AE	1	4	........
POP X	PLX	CE	1	4	........
POP Y	PLY	EE	1	4	........
POP PSW	PLP	8E	1	4	NVPBHIZC
. bit operations
SET1 dp, bit	?	x2	2	4	........	Set dp bit, x=(bit*2)
CLR1 dp, bit	?	y2	2	4	........	Set dp bit, y=(bit*2)+1
TSET1 !abs	TSB abs	0E	3	6	N.....Z.	Test and set bits with A
TCLR1 !abs	TRB abs	4E	3	6	N.....Z.	Test and clear bits with A
AND1 C, abs, bit	?	4A	3	4	.......C	C &= [abs] bit
AND1 C, /abs, bit	?	6A	3	4	.......C	C &= !([abs] bit)
OR1 C, abs, bit	?	0A	3	5	.......C	= [abs] bit
OR1 C, /abs, bit	?	2A	3	5	.......C	= !([abs] bit)
EOR1 C, abs, bit	?	8A	3	5	.......C	C ^= [abs] bit
NOT1 abs, bit	?	EA	3	5	........	[abs] bit ^= 1
MOV1 C, abs, bit	?	AA	3	4	.......C	C = [abs] bit
MOV1 abs, bit, C	?	CA	3	6	........	[abs] bit = C
. status flags
CLRC	CLC	60	1	2	.......0
SETC	SEC	80	1	2	.......1
NOTC	?	ED	1	3	.......C	C ^= 1
CLRC	CLV	E0	1	2	.0..0...	Clears V and H
CLRP	?	20	1	2	..0.....
SETP	?	40	1	2	..1.....
EI	CLI	A0	1	3	......1.
DI	SEI	C0	1	3	......0.
TODO

Links

• SPC700 Reference - CPU Instruction Set at superfamicom.org wiki